Use this chemistry resource as a class handout or as a transparency to enhance your lessons and increase student learning. In this lesson, students will watch a video and answer questions about acids and bases. Most of these experiments will let learners deal with many different types of quantities such as temperature, ph, absorbance, weight or mass, volume and moles. This chemistry manual includes a series of experiments that involve measurement. Because it is the measure of activities of hydrogen ions, the initials ph stand for potential of hydrogen acids have ph values under 7 and alkalis have ph values over 7. Its ph is 7 which mean 7 is the midpoint in ph scale.
The ph scale introductory chemistry 1st canadian edition. The electron arrangement for the element boron can be written 2, 3. Acids and bases are two groups of chemical compounds that generally have opposite characteristics. The ph scale measures exactly how basic or acidic a substance is. The ph scale will be logarithmic and because of this, each whole ph worth below 7 is 10 times more acidic compared to the next higher value. Chemistry 11th project on ph scale acid buffer solution. An indicator is a chemical that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. The ph scale goes from 014 and is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is. A ph scale is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration which spans from 0 to 14 with the middle point ph 7 being neutral neither acidic or basic. Limitations of the ph scale usefulness confined to dilute aqueous solutions.
Other indicators will change color at different phs. Write the electron arrangement for the element calcium. These key math skills and core chemistry skills from previous chapters are listed here for. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a ph close to 7. Soil ph in the field can be measured using a simple test kit based on a colourcard method available from agricultural supply stores called the raupach soil ph kit.
The ph scale universal indicator ph color chart diagram. Cut and stick ph scale worksheet for students in key stage 3. Universal indicator, blue litmus paper and red litmus paper. General chemistry relationships in water treatment.
A ph indicator is a weak acid that exist as natural dyes which indicate the. Onehundred years of ph journal of chemical education. They have there own unique traits, acids taste sour, turn litmus red while bases taste bitter and turn litmus blue. Neutralization of effluent in steel, pulp and paper, chemical, and pharmaceutical. This lesson explains the ph scale and demonstrates how to use the ph scale and universal indicator to analyse samples. Measuring ph universal indicator paper universal indicator solution ph meter 10. Check our section of free ebooks and guides on acid base chemistry now. The colours associated with each number correspond to the colour that universal indicator turns in. The ph scale can be represented horizontally or vertically. Similarly a ph of 11 is ten times more basic than a ph of 10. By the end of this lesson, students should be able to. For example, a ph of 3 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 4. A brief overview of ph definition, principles, and methods of measurement as well as of some applications in environmental, biological, and food chemistry are presented. Neutralisation formation of a salt from an acid and a base.
You will be using ph paper which has a liquid indicator dried on paper. The ph scale introduction to oxidationreduction reactions quiz. Chemistry 11th project on ph scale free download as powerpoint presentation. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 2 lecture topics. Figure \\pageindex1\ depicts the ph scale with common solutions and where they are on the scale. Calculating ph and poh worksheet everett community college. Likewise, a ph of 3 is one hundred times more acidic than a ph of 5. In chemistry, ph is a measure of the cidity or basicity or alkalinity a solution. This resource is designed to provide strategies for dealing with. It has been common to assume that the p represented a word such as power, but in 2000, it was asserted that the p.
The symbol that he used was the letter p and a smaller h appearing almost as a subscript. For example, a ph of 4 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 5 and a hundred times 10 x 10 more acidic than a. Notes on acid base chemistry pdf 28p download book. It has an example of a substance that has the ph indicated. This is represented be a change or difference in colour observed when an acid or alkali is added to an ph indicator.
The kit gives the soil ph on the water scale see later and should be used only as a guide to soil ph. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. The abbreviation ph stands for potential of hydrogen ion. Lower simon fraser university contents 1 acids 2 1. Illustration of the ph scale universal indicator ph color chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design colorful vector art. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. Any solution with a ph less than 7 is by definitionacidic. Dr mike lyons school of chemistry trinity college dublin.
Journal of solution chemistry 2007, 36 8, 10371046. Innovating science products, manufactured by aldon corporation, include educational kits for the chemistry, life science, green chemistry, advanced placement chemistry, and forensic fields. The p is the scientific abbreviation for how much and h is the symbol for hydrogen. Typographical convenience led journals to adopt the current symbol. Results for freediffusion liquid junctions formed in a capillary tube with cylindrical symmetry at 25 c are shown in fig. Acids, alkalis, and the ph scale compound interest. The ph scale ranges from 0 to 14, and the numbers represent the concentration of hydrogen ions1 in the substance.
The ph scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Free acid base chemistry books download ebooks online. Notes on acid base chemistry pdf 28p this note contains the following subtopics of acidbase chemistry, bronstedlowry and lewis acidsbases acid dissociation constants, pka, the relative strength of acids and bases, equilibrium in acidbase reactions and molecular structure and acidity. No specific safety precautions need to be observed for this activity. The ph scale is the worldwide standard for measuring acidity, or equivalently, alkalinity also called basicity. The ph scale is logarithmic, meaning that an increase or decrease of an integer value changes the concentration by a tenfold. Pdf definition of ph scales, standard reference values. Students colour in the scale to match the colours of universal indicator paper, then cut out the labels adding them to your scale in the correct place. They will learn about characteristics of acids and bases, the ph scale, and the role of acids in biochemistry. Color printable periodic table pretty much everything you need that can fit on a page and still be readable. Chemistry is a conceptual subject and, in order to explain many of these concepts, teachers use models to describe and explain the microscopic world and relate it to the macroscopic properties of matter.
The range of the ph scale is from 0 to 14 from very acidic to very basic. A ph less than 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic. Each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Water can be acidic, alkaline or neutral, this is called ph. What is a ph scale, what does the ph scale measure edu. Understanding soil ph department of primary industries. A combination of indicators is used to make a universal indicator. If base is slowly added, the litmus will turn blue when the acid has been neutralized, at about 67 on the ph scale. Cover the book with protective material, such as plastic, old newspapers or magazines. The ph scale is described, and students learn to make calculations involving ph, the concentration of hydrogen ions, and the concentration of hydroxide ions for a given solution.
Converting equations will strengthen students knowledge and understanding of key concepts in chemistry. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 1 acidbase reactions the ph concept. The ph scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. As stated above, ph is the single most important factor in determining chlorine disinfection. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. This is the 3rd lesson in the series, acids and bases.
Introduction to acidbase chemistry a chem1 reference text stephen k. Calculate the ph of an acidic solution prepared by adding enough water to 5 grams of hydrochloric acid to make a solution that has a volume of 1 liter. Chemical reactions chemical reactions introduction in this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. Its the scale used to rank how strong an acid or alkali a solution is. The idea of expressing the hydrogenion concentration on a log arithmetic scale was presented by s. Color table with atomic numbers, element symbols, element names, atomic weights, periods, and groups. Innovating science acids, bases, and the ph scale kit. Take good care of this textbook this textbook is the property of your school. Reference buffer solutions for ph measurements in 50%.
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